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"Nonwoven industry plays an important role in economy and society. Nonwoven Fabric : Manufacturing and Applications addresses important data on both natural and synthetic fibres that are used in the industry to develop products for different purposes. Though synthetic fibres are extensively used in the nonwoven industry for the manufacture of various products, natural fibres are steadily occupying the market due to some of their obvious merits. In this respect, a review of the various manufacturing techniques for nonwoven fabric derived from natural fibres such as cotton, jute, flax and hemp is given in this book. Next, the authors assess the structure, property, evaluation and applications of jute and jute blended needle-punched nonwoven fabric, in an effort to aid those who work with natural lingo-cellulosic fibre-based needle punched nonwovens. In addition, flax/low melting point polyester needle punched nonwoven fabrics were manufactured and characterized for thermal insulation applications. The test results show a decrease in thermal resistance value with an increase in low melt PET % and needle penetration depth. Six types of recycled nonwovens samples were developed using thermal bonding and aero dynamic methods, and these samples are characterized by their physical properties such as areal density, bulk density, thickness, porosity, air permeability and thermal resistance. The authors assess the way in which the increased use of fire retardant materials in industries has put considerable pressure on the scientific community to develop new polymer materials, chemicals, and fiber combinations for such applications. This compilation concludes with an overview of the history, common raw materials, manufacturing processes, properties, functions and applications of nonwoven geotextiles. The potential use of recycled nonwoven geotextiles towards a more sustainable construction is also discussed"--

Nonwoven fabrics.

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The history of art in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance has generally been written as a story of elites: bankers, noblemen, kings, cardinals, and popes and their artistic interests and commissions. Recent decades have seen attempts to recast the story in terms of material culture, but the focus seems to remain on the upper strata of society. In his inclusive analysis of art from 1300 to 1600, Rembrandt Duits rectifies this. Bringing together thought-provoking ideas from art historians, historians, anthropologists and museum curators, The Art of the Poor examines the role of art in the lower social classes of Europe and explores how this influences our understanding of medieval and early modern society. Introducing new themes and raising innovative research questions through a series of thematically grouped short case studies, this book gives impetus to a new field on the cusp of art history, social history, urban archaeology, and historical anthropology. In doing so, this important study helps us re-assess the very concept of 'art' and its function in society.

Art --- History of civilization --- History of Europe --- material culture [discipline] --- social history --- poor --- anno 1300-1399 --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Arts and the poor --- Material culture --- Culture --- Folklore --- Technology --- Poor and the arts --- Poor --- History --- impoverished people --- cultuurgeschiedenis

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Byzantine Art and Renaissance Europe discusses the cultural and artistic interaction between the Byzantine east and western Europe, from the sack of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade in 1204 to the flourishing of post-Byzantine artistic workshops on Venetian Crete during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and the formation of icon collections in Renaissance Italy. The contributors examine the routes by which artistic interaction may have taken place, and explore the reception of Byzantine art in western Europe, analysing why artists and patrons were interested in ideas from the other side of the cultural and religious divide. In the first chapter, Lyn Rodley outlines the development of Byzantine art in the Palaiologan era and its relations with western culture. Hans Bloemsma then re-assesses the influence of Byzantine art on early Italian painting from the point of view of changing demands regarding religious images in Italy. In the first of two chapters on Venetian Crete, Angeliki Lymberopoulou evaluates the impact of the Venetian presence on the production of fresco decorations in regional Byzantine churches on the island. The next chapter, by Diana Newall, continues the exploration of Cretan art manufactured under the Venetians, shifting the focus to the bi-cultural society of the Cretan capital Candia and the rise of the post-Byzantine icon. Kim Woods then addresses the reception of Byzantine icons in western Europe in the late Middle Ages and their role as devotional objects in the Roman Catholic Church. Finally, Rembrandt Duits examines the status of Byzantine icons as collectors’ items in early Renaissance Italy. The inventories of the Medici family and other collectors reveal an appreciation for icons among Italian patrons, which suggests that received notions of Renaissance tastes may be in need of revision. The book thus offers new perspectives and insights and re-positions late and post-Byzantine art in a broader European cultural context.

Iconography --- Art --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Istanbul [city] --- Europe --- Art, Byzantine. --- Icons --- Renaissance. --- Art byzantin --- Icônes --- Renaissance --- Collectors and collecting --- Collectionneurs et collections --- Art, Byzantine --- Revival of letters --- Civilization --- History, Modern --- Civilization, Medieval --- Civilization, Modern --- Humanism --- Middle Ages --- Eikons --- Ikons --- Christian art and symbolism --- Christian saints in art --- Byzantine art --- Art, Medieval --- History --- Icônes --- Icons - Collectors and collecting - Europe

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Increasing life expectancy and population ageing leads to a rising number of elderly people in need of care. Improvements in health may counterbalance this trend to some extent but cannot fully compensate it. In this proceedings, Gabriele Doblhammer and Rembrandt Scholz present combined expertise in the field of health, care need and care resources. Various care need projections based on diverse projection methods give a detailed overview on probable future developments of the number of people in need of care, mainly for Germany. A special emphasis is put on the future number of people with dementia in Germany. Next to that the authors explore past trends in health and care need in relation to increases in life expectancy and discuss the effects of sex, smoking, obesity, and other determinants that influence health and care need in older ages. The trends in health and care need are additionally viewed in relation to trends in the number of care need providers and their quality of life. This book is a valuable reference for academics in the social sciences, especially those with a focus on health care and demography and for practitioners in the field of health care.

Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Sociology --- sociologie --- gezin --- familie